Various ways by which P. falciparum parasite evades the immune system via secreted extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by infected red blood cells (iRBCs), as well as other host cells, are important regulators of the balance that determines the disease outcome. In addition, EVs constitute a robust mode of cell-to-cell communication by transferring signaling cargoes between parasites, and between parasites and host, without requiring cellular contact. The transfer of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA through EVs not only modulate the immune response, it also mediates cellular communication between parasites to synchronize the transmission stage. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding EV roles during malaria.

Frontiers Immunomodulation by Helminths: Intracellular Pathways

Role of Secretory Vesicles Derived from Plasmodium Infected Red

Frontiers Host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection

Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune

Malaria parasites both repress host CXCL10 and use it as a cue for

Fast-Acting Small Molecules Targeting Malarial Aspartyl Proteases

Uncovering the Role of Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Extracellular vesicles in parasite survival

Extracellular vesicle functions during infection by the malaria

Extracellular vesicles from early stage Plasmodium falciparum

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