Global Volcanism Program

Volcán Copahue is an elongated composite cone constructed along the Chile-Argentina border within the 6.5 x 8.5 km wide Trapa-Trapa caldera that formed between 0.6 and 0.4 million years ago near the NW margin of the 20 x 15 km Pliocene Caviahue (Del Agrio) caldera. The eastern summit crater, part of a 2-km-long, ENE-WSW line of nine craters, contains a briny, acidic 300-m-wide crater lake (also referred to as El Agrio or Del Agrio) and displays intense fumarolic activity. Acidic hot springs occur below the eastern outlet of the crater lake, contributing to the acidity of the Río Agrio, and another geothermal zone is located within Caviahue caldera about 7 km NE of the summit. Infrequent mild-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since the 18th century. Twentieth-century eruptions from the crater lake have ejected pyroclastic rocks and chilled liquid sulfur fragments.

4 Seismic map of the 2018 eruption The Global Volcanism Program has

Global Volcanism Program, Image GVP-03509

Global Volcanism Program - The Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 June-18 June 2019 includes the following volcanoes. Please visit for the full reports. New Activity/Unrest: - Colima

Global Volcanism Program, Report on Mayon (Philippines) — April 2018 in 2023

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program, Sheveluch

Eruptions, Earthquakes, & Emissions: Visualizing the Planet's Heartbeat

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program

Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program Collage

Procedure workflow for bibliographic analysis in this study. GVP =