Minecraft Classic, Java and Bedrock, what are the different versions?

There are many choices of what version of Minecraft to get - the free version, the Java versions and the Bedrock edition. But what makes them different?

Java Edition Classic – Minecraft Wiki

Minecraft: Java Edition for PC/Mac [Online Game Code

Minecraft Java + Bedrock Server Together - Geyser + Floodgate

Minecraft Bedrock: How To Get The OLD Classic Texture Pack!?

Minecraft Bedrock or Java - What are key differences and which

Minecraft Java & Bedrock Full Access PC - Account - Windows - Not

How Minecraft's Java And Bedrock Editions Are Different

Every Edition of Minecraft and how to get them

How to Get Minecraft for Free (Official Methods)

Minecraft: Java & Bedrock Edition for PC Windows 10 Account