Assembly of recombinant tau into filaments identical to those of
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 23 maio 2024
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, are characterised by knotted clumps of a protein called tau. In these diseases, tau misfolds, stacks together and forms abnormal filaments, which have a structured core and fuzzy coat. These sticky, misfolded proteins are thought to be toxic to brain cells, the loss of which ultimately causes problems with how people move, think, feel or behave. Reconstructing the shape of tau filaments using an atomic-level imaging technique called electron cryo-microscopy, or cryo-EM, researchers have found distinct types of tau filaments present in certain diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease, for example, a mixture of paired helical and straight filaments is found. Different tau filaments are seen again in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a condition associated with repetitive brain trauma. It remains unclear, however, how tau folds into these distinct shapes and under what conditions it forms certain types of filaments. The role that distinct tau folds play in different diseases is also poorly understood. This is largely because researchers making tau proteins in the lab have yet to replicate the exact structure of tau filaments found in diseased brain tissue. Lövestam et al. describe the conditions for making tau filaments in the lab identical to those isolated from the brains of people who died from Alzheimer’s disease and CTE. Lövestam et al. instructed bacteria to make tau protein, optimised filament assembly conditions, including shaking time and speed, and found that bona fide filaments formed from shortened versions of tau. On cryo-EM imaging, the lab-produced filaments had the same left-handed twist and helical symmetry as filaments characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. Adding salts, however, changed the shape of tau filaments. In the presence of sodium chloride, otherwise known as kitchen salt, tau formed filaments with a filled cavity at the core, identical to tau filaments observed in CTE. Again, this structure was confirmed on cryo-EM imaging. Being able to make tau filaments identical to those found in human tauopathies will allow scientists to study how these filaments form and elucidate what role they play in disease. Ultimately, a better understanding of tau filament formation could lead to improved diagnostics and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases involving tau.
Laboratory-based methods are presented that produce filamentous tau aggregates with the same structures as those observed in neurodegenerative disease.
Laboratory-based methods are presented that produce filamentous tau aggregates with the same structures as those observed in neurodegenerative disease.
RCSB PDB - 7QL0: In vitro assembled 266/297 - 391 tau filaments with MgSO4 and NaCl (15c)
Cryo-EM structure of RNA-induced tau fibrils reveals a small C-terminal core that may nucleate fibril formation
Cryo‐EM structures of tau filaments from SH‐SY5Y cells seeded with brain extracts from cases of Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration - Tarutani - 2023 - FEBS Open Bio - Wiley Online Library
Tau filaments in neurodegenerative diseases - Goedert - 2018 - FEBS Letters - Wiley Online Library
Fluent molecular mixing of Tau isoforms in Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tangles
Disease-specific tau filaments assemble via polymorphic intermediates
Assembly of recombinant tau into filaments identical to those of Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Frontiers Tau Filament Self-Assembly and Structure: Tau as a Therapeutic Target
Subtle change of fibrillation condition leads to substantial alteration of recombinant Tau fibril structure - ScienceDirect
RCSB PDB - 7QKX: In vitro assembled 266/297 - 391 tau filaments with MgSO4 and NaCl (15b)
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